Department of Business Administration

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14490/54

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Casirivimab and imdevimab: Cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment based on monoclonal antibodies on outpatients with Covid-19
(2023) Ruggeri, Matteo; Signorini, Alessandro; Caravaggio, Silvia
Background and objectives In 2020, the world was profoundly affected by the spread of SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus first identified in December 2019, that was the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), a severe respiratory disease classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Covid-19 had a significant negative impact on the healthcare facilities and the economies of many countries. A need for pharmacological treatments for Covid-19 patients rapidly emerged to limit the damage caused by the disease and allow for more efficient management of hospital resources. A possible alternative treatment that has achieved encouraging results on Covid-19 is the use of monoclonal antibodies. This research aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a type of monoclonal antibody, specifically the combination of casirivimab and imdevimab, and assess its impact on the Italian healthcare system. Methods The casirivimab and imdevimab treatment efficacy on outpatients with Covid-19 was tested using a predictive Markov model. Research endpoints include hospitalizations, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions, and deaths. This was translated into terms of benefits (savings) and costs for the Italian National Health Service (NHS). The model operates on a predictive time frame of 20 weeks starting from September 2021 until January 2022. The data used to populate the model comes from international academic studies and open-access resources on online databases. Results The model estimates the effects that can be achieved by administering casirivimab and imdevimab treatment on outpatients with Covid-19. According to the estimates, the treatment can prevent approximately 4,000 hospitalizations, 3,589 ICU admissions, and 1,500 deaths in the considered 20-week period. The potential cost savings amount to EUR 78 million, mainly attributable to the reduction in the number of hospitalizations and access to ICU. More specifically, a difference of EUR 15,4 million can be observed due to the reduction in the number of hospitalizations, a difference of EUR 59,3 million due to the reduction in the number in intensive care, and a difference of EUR 20,3 million due to the reduction in deaths as a consequence of the reduction of hospitalizations. These results are already very significant, considering that in Italy, only 4.76% of the population is eligible for monoclonal antibody treatment. Conclusion The administration of casirivimab and imdevimab in outpatients with Covid-19 can accelerate recovery from the disease for patients, make hospital resource management more efficient and significantly reduce costs for healthcare facilities.
Model for estimating the healthcare costs and capacity of intensive care units in Italy in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: remdesivir impact assessment
(2020) Ruggeri, Matteo; Signorini, Alessandro; Drago, Carlo; Rosiello, Francesco; Marchetti, Marco
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which is a human coronavirus responsible for a pandemic. Direct interventions, i.e. physical distancing and use of protective devices, can prevent or limit contagions, however, it is also required to evaluate the optimization of limited resources, such as the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). For this purpose, it is relevant to estimate the impact of therapeutic solutions that reduce the probability that the patient transits to ICU in symptomatic subjects and in need of hospitalization. The therapeutic solutions allow a more rapid recovery of the patient and save scarce resources that can be used in the treatment of other patients. Methods: A forecasting model is designed to estimate the impact of one therapeutic solution, i.e. the antiretroviral Remdesivir, on both the capacity of intensive care and the healthcare costs for hospitals when managing the current emergency. A base case is presented as well as a best and a worst case scenario deriving from the sensitivity analyses. Results: The introduction of Remdesivir in patients receiving low-flow oxygen therapy with the purpose of reducing ICU accesses and deaths leads to 431 million euros cost savings and avoids 17,150 hospitalizations in intensive care and 6,923 deaths. In the best case, 294 million euros savings are estimated, whilst in the worst case the model estimates a saving of 512 million euros. Conclusions: Remdesivir has the potential to reduce the negative effects of the Coronavirus disease, improving patient conditions and reducing death tolls, and can also save scarce healthcare resources during this pandemic, resulting in a shorter hospital stay and fewer ICU admissions. (Market Access)
A 20-Country Comparative Assessment of the Effectiveness of Nutri-Score vs. NutrInform Battery Front-of-Pack Nutritional Labels on Consumer Subjective Understanding and Liking
(2023) He, Jun; Mazzù, Marco Francesco; Baccelloni, Angelo
The incidence of overweight and obesity has generated significant concerns among European consumers and institutions. As part of a set of measures undertaken, the European Union (EU) called for one harmonized mandatory front-of-pack nutritional label (FOPL) to improve consumer food nutritional knowledge and encourage healthier and more informed food choices. Different types of FOPLs, ranging from nutrient-specific labels—such as the NutrInform Battery—to summary labels—such as the Nutri-Score—have been developed and introduced in different markets, reporting different degrees of effectiveness in terms of understanding. The aim of this study is to provide actionable insights by analyzing a specific part of the complex consumers’ decision-making process in food when aided by FOPLs. Adopting a between-subject experiment on a sample of 4560 respondents in 20 EU member countries, the study compares the consumer subjective understanding and liking of two labels currently under examination by the EU bodies, the NutrInform Battery and the Nutri-Score. At an aggregated level, the results show that NutrInform Battery is more effective than Nutri-Score in improving consumer subjective understanding and leads to a higher liking towards the label. A detailed by-country analysis highlights either a superiority or a parity of NutrInform Battery for subjective understanding and liking. Theoretically, this study, through a large panel of respondents, adds the fundamental perspective on subjective understanding, complementing the findings of extant research on objective understanding, and further clarifies the role of liking as a complementary element in the food decision-making process toward heathier and more informed food choices. This might be of significant relevance in providing additional evidence that can be used by policymakers in their attempt toward the selection of a uniform FOPL at EU level.
The purpose-driven crowdfunding and the growing potential of microlending
(2025) Maiolini, Riccardo; Tedeschi, Caterina; Rullani, Francesco
Frame of the research: Crowdfunding has emerged as a transformative fintech solution, significantly changing the financing of new projects. Among the various forms of crowdfunding, purpose-driven platforms like Kiva transcend traditional financial transactions by emphasizing social and economic empowerment. Despite its potential, there remains a gap in understanding how borrowers’ narratives influence lenders’ decisions, particularly in contexts where social motivations are paramount. This research aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the narratives used by borrowers to describe their projects on the Kiva platform. Purpose of the paper: This study seeks to explore and classify the different types of narratives employed by borrowers on Kiva to attract funding. By doing so, it aims to uncover the socio-economic impacts of these loans and the role of crowdfunding as a driver for social and economic empowerment. The research focuses on linking the intrinsic motivations of lenders and the narratives presented by borrowers. Method: This study employs a topic modeling approach to analyze a dataset of Kiva- funded projects, focusing on borrowers’ narratives. The methodology includes data cleaning, visualization, and topic modeling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) applied to text from the “use” and “description” sections of Kiva projects’ pages from 2005 to 2021. Results: Our analysis uncovered eight distinct loan narratives, each associated with various types of entrepreneurial projects. These narratives range from agricultural advancements to educational pursuits, highlighting the diverse aspirations of borrowers. This diversity not only demonstrates the broad spectrum of entrepreneurial projects supported by crowdfunding, but also emphasizes the nature of these loans in meeting the specific needs and goals of individuals across different regions and sectors. Limits: Our study’s scope is limited to data from the Kiva platform, affecting the extent of our conclusions. Future research should expand to include multiple crowdfunding sources to enhance the diversity and applicability of findings. Practical implications: By comprehending the diverse entrepreneurial initiatives facilitated by Kiva loans, stakeholders can customize financial products and support services to better align with the requirements of borrowers. This insight is crucial for enhancing the efficacy of microfinance in fostering economic development and empowering underserved communities. Originality of the paper: Through the identification of specific borrowers’ narratives, this research contributes to the broader discourse on financial inclusion, economic empowerment, and the role of crowdfunding in facilitating access to capital for underserved communities. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of the narratives that drive purpose-driven crowdfunding but also highlights the importance of aligning financial support with the socio- economic goals of borrowers to foster sustainable development and inclusive growth.
What do we really mean by “purpose-driven businesses”?
(2025) Cucino, Valentina; Feola, Rosangela; Ferlito, Rosaria; Maiolini, Riccardo; Michelini, Laura; Mongelli, Luca; Pavlovic, Andjela; Piccaluga, Andrea; Rullani, Francesco; Tafuro, Martina; Vesci, Massimiliano
Frame of the research: The concept of Purpose-driven Businesses (PDBs) has emerged as a response to pressing global challenges, including climate change, social inequality, and biodiversity loss, which call for a fundamental rethinking of the role of businesses in addressing societal and environmental needs. While the term has gained significant traction, its precise meaning remains ambiguous, often overlapping with existing constructs in management literature, such as Corporate Social Responsibility and Shared Value Creation. This study operates at the intersection of these theoretical perspectives, aiming to provide a structured analytical framework for understanding how PDBs incorporate social and environmental values into their strategies and balance the diverse expectations of stakeholders. Purpose of the paper: This paper is the end product of an extended conversation and debate between a number of business management scholars with a particular interest in the concept of Purpose. This concept has been increasingly used to characterise businesses which do not only have a conventional commercial purpose but also a social one. Despite the popularity of the term, the precise meaning of “purpose” remains somewhat unclear, especially when compared to the wide set of constructs which have already been used in business management literature to refer to similar types of business. A deeper analysis of the differences and similarities with other related concepts is thus needed. This paper summarizes the results of this discussion and provides a detailed definition of PDBs. Methodology: This paper is the result of an open debate on the concept of Purpose, which began with a series of face-to-face and online discussions between management scholars with an interest in this area. Firstly, the group of scholars who participated identified the existing literature on purpose-driven businesses. Next, the theoretical approaches that were most closely aligned with this concept were identified and each one of them was assigned to the person with the most expertise in that area so that they could examine it in more detail for the purposes of this article. Finally, an agreed definition of PDBs was produced. Findings: This paper sets out the differences between PDBs and other similar concepts. Further, we provide a list of characteristics that PDBs must have, may have, and cannot have. Research limitations: This article discusses theoretical approaches and is the result of collaboration between a number of scholars who specialize in the field. Our theoretical findings may suggest a way forward for future empirical studies. Practical implications: This paper provides a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of what is meant by PDBs, with practical implications for managers working at both day-to-day and strategic levels. Originality of the paper: This analysis was the result of a process of discussion between scholars working in the area of PDBs. The checklist of the elements that characterise PDBs is intended to be a useful point of reference for scholars and professionals working in this field.
How Are Patented AI, Software and Robot Technologies Related to Wage Changes in the United States?
(2022) Fossen, Frank M.; Samaan, Daniel; Sorgner, Alina
We analyze the relationships of three different types of patented technologies, namely artificial intelligence, software and industrial robots, with individual-level wage changes in the United States from 2011 to 2021. The aim of the study is to investigate if the availability of AI technologies is associated with increases or decreases in individual workers' wages and how this association compares to previous innovations related to software and industrial robots. Our analysis is based on available indicators extracted from the text of patents to measure the exposure of occupations to these three types of technologies. We combine data on individual wages for the United States with the new technology measures and regress individual annual wage changes on these measures controlling for a variety of other factors. Our results indicate that innovations in software and industrial robots are associated with wage decreases, possibly indicating a large displacement effect of these technologies on human labor. On the contrary, for innovations in AI, we find wage increases, which may indicate that productivity effects and effects coming from the creation of new human tasks are larger than displacement effects of AI. AI exposure is associated with positive wage changes in services, whereas exposure to robots is associated with negative wage changes in manufacturing. The relationship of the AI exposure measure with wage increases has become stronger in 2016–2021 in comparison to the 5 years before.
Antecedents of labor shortage in the rural hospitality industry: a comparative study of employees and employers
(2022) Innerhofer, Johanna; Nasta, Luigi; Zehrer, Anita
Purpose Although the role of human capital in the hospitality sector is critical, the industry faces challenges in attracting workers with a poor industry image frequently mentioned regarding labor shortages. This research paper attempts to investigate the factors influencing labor shortages by presenting the perspectives of employees and employers. Design/methodology/approach Precisely 232 rural hospitality industry employees (n = 128) and employers (n = 104) in Northern Italy were surveyed using a written close-ended online survey and a quantitative research design as part of a convenience sampling approach. For hypotheses testing, Spearman's rho was used. Findings A relationship between the shortage of professional workers and a variety of factors was found, including professional, digital, social and green skills, industry-intrinsic characteristics and symbolic image attributes of the industry. The findings show that some factors are more important for employees, while others are more significant for employers. Practical implications This study demonstrates several practical implications for the hospitality sector by addressing the under-researched stakeholder group of existing hospitality employees, e.g. improving working conditions, reduction of manual operations through digital technologies, realistic career planning, employer branding, identification of skill deficiencies and provision of specialized trainings. Originality/value Most research on labor shortages in the hospitality industry has focused on the perspective of either employees or employers. This study compares both perspectives, including the industry image, to gain a realistic picture of the relevant factors for a rural tourism destination in Northern Italy.
Digital Technologies for Social Innovation: An Empirical Recognition on the New Enablers
(2016) Maiolini, Riccardo; Marra, Alessandro; Baldassarri, Cristiano; Carlei, Vittorio
Even though scholars' attention has been placed on Social Innovation (SI), little evidence has been provided with regards to which tools are actually used to address social needs and foster Social Innovation initiatives. The purpose of the article is twofold. Firstly, the article offers empirical recognition to SI by investigating, on a large-scale, social and innovative activities conducted by start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across the world between 2001 and 2014. Secondly, the article intends to capture SI core businesses and underlying complementarities between products, markets, and technologies and show in which way digital media and IT are essentially tracing innovation trajectories over a multitude of industries, leading the current industrial patterns of SI, and continually fostering its cross-industry nature.
The effects of combining front-of-pack nutritional labels on consumers' subjective understanding, trust, and preferences
(2023) Mazzù, Marco Francesco; Marozzo, Veronica; Baccelloni, Angelo; Giambarresi, Andrea
The decision to adopt a unique mandatory front-of-pack nutritional label (FOPL) has currently been delayed by the European Union (EU) as contrasting evidence exists on which one might consistently better encourage customers toward healthier diets. In this context, little attention has been dedicated to investigating the potential effects of having more than one front-of-pack nutritional label on food products. This study aims to verify if a combination of front-of-pack nutritional labels (i.e., a “bundle”) performs better for consumer understanding, trust, and preferences (such as liking) toward the label by helping consumers make healthier and more informed food choices. With this in mind, the study focused on three front-of-pack nutritional labels developed by public institutions that are central to the research and the recent EU policy-making debate. In three controlled experiments, building upon the “directiveness” front-of-pack nutritional label schemes, we find that the combination of a nondirective (i.e., NutrInform Battery) and a directive (i.e., Keyhole) label outperforms both the combination of two directive labels (i.e., Nutri-Score and Keyhole) and a single-directive front-of-pack nutritional label (i.e., Keyhole) on subjective understanding, trust in the label and liking. Results cast light on the bundling of front-of-pack nutritional labels as a potentially different approach that might be further analyzed by researchers and provide a substantive contribution to managers and policy-makers in their decision toward a unified front-of-pack nutritional label within the European Community.
Unveiling the impact of front-of-pack nutritional labels in conflicting nutrition information – A congruity perspective on olive oil
(2024) Mazzù, Marco Francesco; He, Jun; Baccelloni, Angelo
An increasing awareness of the importance of healthy eating prompted consumers to gather nutritional cues from various sources, often resulting in conflicting nutrition information for the same food. This can lead to unintended consequences, such as decreased consumer interest in dietary information and behaviors contrary to healthy advice, particularly when the sources are deemed highly credible by consumers. In a series of three experiments, we aim to uncover the underlying cognitive mechanisms connected to complementary information provided by Front-of-Pack Nutritional Labels (FOPLs), exploring if conflicting nutrition information is generated when consumers integrate the labels’ information with other sources. Using olive oil as a case of products associated with conflicting nutrition information (CNI), Study 1 shows that directive labels (e.g., Nutri-Score) generate CNI when combined with either internal (i.e., pre-existing health knowledge) or external entities (i.e., knowledge from scientific information). In contrast, non-directive labels (e.g., NutrInform Battery) do not, in either condition. Study 2 explains that consumers establish a lower level of congruence between information provided by the internal entity and FOPL when the label is directive. Study 3 confirms a lower level of congruence between the information available from the external entities and FOPLs when the label type is directive, compared to non-directive. Furthermore, this diminished congruence has a negative impact on consumer attitudes and their intentions to adopt Nutritional Labels. Overall, this research delves into the interactions among various information sources from a congruence perspective, offering actionable insights for managers and policymakers to avoid becoming entangled by conflicting information.
Gender Equality in Healthcare Leadership: A Narrative Review of the Literature
(2025) Pietrantonio, Filomena; Mochi, Giorgia; Ricci, Lidia; Simonelli, Maria Sofia; Boschero, Lucilla; D'Alessandro, Biagio; Bruno, Francesca; Pieragostini, Luisa; Migliano, Emilia; Russo, Giovanna; Vassallo, Gabriele Angelo; Signorini, Alessandro; Materazzo, Marco; Granvillano, Giuseppa; Vinci, Antonio; Rosiello, Francesco
The “great man” theory excludes women by definition. Recently, in healthcare, there has been an increasing number of women in leadership positions; however, the number of women leaders is lower than that of men leaders, even though the number of female health workers is far greater than that of men. This article aims to investigate whether there is a difference between male and female leadership, the winning characteristics of the latter and whether (and possibly what) barriers and ob-stacles there are to female leadership. Method: a review of reviews available on Pub-med was conducted using a specific search query. The authors analyzed the articles according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, using the PICO methodology. Results: of 967 articles, 18 met the inclusion criteria. Among the typical characteristics of female leadership, the most common are: democratic and non-individualistic style, communication skills and empathy. Among the most common obstacles to the affir-mation of female leadership are lower compensation, the presence of prejudices due to stereotypes and the lack of support from institutions in solving the gender gap. Con-clusions. Academic studies confirm that women tend to apply a transformational leadership in contrast to the autocratic and assertive male leadership. Continued re-search into female leadership is essential for monitoring progress and fostering actions that allow women to prosper in top leadership positions.
Model for Estimating the Impact of Healthcare Costs in Non-Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients Treated with Remdesivir
(2022) Ruggeri, Matteo; Signorini, Alessandro; Caravaggio, Silvia; Falcone, Marco; Di Perri, Giovanni
Objectives: In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak caused significant negative changes worldwide. Important investments were suddenly needed in the economic, social, and healthcare fields. This analysis sets out to show the economic impact of the administration of remdesivir in ambulatory patients, who are affected by Covid-19, at high risk for severe progression, and eligible for the antiviral treatment. Methods: The budget impact analysis is based on the assumptions already presented in a study published in 2020 by the same Authors. The analysis was updated with a new simulation of the pandemic curve which included the vaccination plan. Data were collected from official Italian sources and from the academic literature. The Italian National Health Service (NHS) perspective was used in the analysis. Remdesivir treatment was compared in terms of economic costs with the Standard of Care over a period of 20 weeks. Such timeframe was chosen because of the uncertainty of the pandemic evolution and considering that this is the time of a complete pandemic curve. A comparison with other therapeutic solutions was not performed in this analysis as the relative costs were not available at the time of the study. Results: The model estimates that, in 20 weeks, 8,002,015 subjects are infected by Covid-19, with a 0.8% hospitalization rate. Among hospitalized patients, 19.6% could be eligible for remdesivir treatment, for a total number of 3,619 patients, with a 12% market share. Conclusion: The analysis shows that remdesivir therapy is dominant and its use could determine a reduction in hospitalizations and transfers to intensive care units compared to the Standard of Care, with a potential saving of € 50.8 million and a decrease of the number of Covid-19-related deaths between 600 and 1,100.
Intra and Extra Hospitalization Monitoring of Vital Signs. Two Sides of the Same Coin: Perspectives from LIMS and Greenline-HT Study Operators
(2023) Pietrantonio, Filomena; Vinci, Antonio; Maurici, Massimo; Ciarambino, Tiziana; Galli, Barbara; Signorini, Alessandro; La Fazia, Vincenzo Mirco; Rosselli, Francescantonio; Fortunato, Luca; Iodice, Rosa; Materazzo, Marco; Ciuca, Alessandro; Cicerchia, Lamberto Carlo Maria; Ruggeri, Matteo; Manfellotto, Dario; Rosiello, Francesco; Moricon, Andrea
Background: In recent years, due to the epidemiological transition, the burden of very complex patients in hospital wards has increased. Telemedicine usage appears to be a potential high-impact factor in helping with patient management, allowing hospital personnel to assess conditions in out-of-hospital scenarios. Methods: To investigate the management of chronic patients during both hospitalization for disease and discharge, randomized studies (LIMS and Greenline-HT) are ongoing in the Internal Medicine Unit at ASL Roma 6 Castelli Hospital. The study endpoints are clinical outcomes (from a patient’s perspective). In this perspective paper, the main findings of these studies, from the operators’ point of view, are reported. Operator opinions were collected from structured and unstructured surveys conducted among the staff involved, and their main themes are reported in a narrative manner. Results: Telemonitoring appears to be linked to a reduction in side-events and side-effects, which represent some of most commons risk factors for re-hospitalization and for delayed discharge during hospitalization. The main perceived advantages are increased patient safety and the quick response in case of emergency. The main disadvantages are believed to be related to low patient compliance and an infrastructural lack of optimization. Conclusions: The evidence of wireless monitoring studies, combined with the analysis of activity data, suggests the need for a model of patient management that envisages an increase in the territory of structures capable of offering patients subacute care (the possibility of antibiotic treatments, blood transfusions, infusion support, and pain therapy) for the timely management of chronic patients in the terminal phase, for which treatment in acute wards must be guaranteed only for a limited time for the management of the acute phase of their diseases.
Applications to augment patient care for Internal Medicine specialists: a position paper from the EFIM working group on telemedicine, innovative technologies & digital health
(2024) Pietrantonio, Filomena; Florczak, Michał; Kuhn, Sebastian; Kärberg, Kati; Leung, Tiffany I.; Said Criado, Ismael; Sikorski, S.; Ruggeri, Matteo; Signorini, Alessandro; Rosiello, Francesco; Drago, Carlo; Vinci, Antonio; Barreto, Vasco; Montano, Nicola; Dicker, D.; Gomez Huelgas, Ricardo
Telemedicine applications present virtually limitless prospects for innovating and enhancing established and new models of patient care in the field of Internal Medicine. Although there is a wide range of innovative technological solutions in Europe, there are overarching elements associated with such technologies when applied to the practices of Internal Medicine specialists. The European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM) strongly advocates for active leadership and influence from the Internal Medicine societies and specialist physicians across Europe in the development and application of telemedicine and digital technologies in healthcare. This position paper’s conclusions were drawn via Delphi method, which was developed collaboratively from July 2021 to December 2023. The panel, consisting of experts in clinical medicine, public health, health economics and statistics, assessed various aspects related to telemedicine. Participants assigned scores on a Likert scale reflecting perceived value and potential risks. The findings were consolidated in a comprehensive checklist aligning with relevant literature and a SWOT analysis. Specifically, key issues that need to be addressed include promoting the professional development of e-health competencies in the healthcare and medical workforce, using educational campaigns to promote digital literacy among patients and caregivers, designing and implementing telemedicine applications tailored to local conditions and needs and considering the ethical and legal contexts under which these applications are employed. Importantly, there is currently no consensus on care models or standardized protocols among European Internal Medicine specialists regarding the utilization of telemedicine. This position paper aims to outline the opportunities and challenges associated with the application of telemedicine in Internal Medical practice in Europe.
From Profits to Purpose: ESG Practices, CEO Compensation and Institutional Ownership Ciaburri
(2023) Nasta, Luigi; Magnanelli, Barbara Sveva; Ciaburri, Mirella
Purpose – Based on stakeholder, agency and institutional theory, this study aims to examine the role of institutional ownership in the relationship between environmental, social and governance practices and CEO compensation. Design/methodology/approach – Utilizing a fixed-effect panel regression analysis, this research utilized a panel data approach, analyzing data spanning from 2014 to 2021, focusing on US companies listed on the S&P500 stock market index. The dataset encompassed 219 companies, leading to a total of 1,533 observations. Findings – The analysis identified that environmental scores significantly impact CEO equity-linked compensation, unlike social and governance scores. Additionally, it was found that institutional ownership acts as a moderating factor in the relationship between the environmental score and CEO equity-linked compensation, as well as the association between the social score and CEO equity-linked compensation. Interestingly, the direction of these moderating effects varied between the two relationships, suggesting a nuanced role of institutional ownership. Originality/value – This research makes a unique contribution to the field of corporate governance by exploring the relatively understudied area of institutional ownership’s influence on the ESG practices–CEO compensation nexus.
Mapping the Future of Occupations: Transformative and Destructive Effects of New Digital Technologies on Jobs
(2019) Fossen, Frank; Sorgner, Alina
We investigate the impact of new digital technologies upon occupations. We argue that these impacts may be both destructive and transformative. The destructive effects of digitalization substitute human labor, while transformative effects of digitalization complement it. We distinguish between four broad groups of occupations that differ with regard to the impact of digitalization upon them. “Rising star” occupations are characterized by the low destructive and high transformative effects of digitalization. In contrast, “collapsing” occupations face a high risk of destructive effects. “Human terrain” occupations have low risks of both destructive and transformative digitalization, whereas “machine terrain” occupations are affected by both types. We analyze the differences between these four occupational groups in terms of the capabilities, which can be considered bottlenecks to computerization. The results help to identify which capabilities will be in demand and to what degree workers with different abilities can expect their occupations to be transformed in the digital era.
Beyond boundaries: a multidisciplinary approach to understand the relationship between customer satisfaction and behavior in services
(2025) Fiorentino, Anna
This article investigates the complex relationship between customer satisfaction and behavior in services, aiming to provide actionable insights for managers seeking to leverage satisfaction for improved business outcomes. The link between satisfaction and behavior is characterized by anomalies and complexities, such as satisfed customers switching brands, a disproportionate efect of low levels of dissatisfaction on behavior, non-linearity, asymmetry, and zones of low behavioral response. While these insights have signifcantly advanced scholarly discourse, they are often difcult to apply in practice, as they tend to focus narrowly on specifc aspects—such as non-linearity or the role of emotions—or prioritize satisfaction over dissatisfaction, leaving managers without a holistic framework to navigate these dynamics. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of how varying satisfaction levels, from extreme dissatisfaction to extreme satisfaction, infuence customer buying behavior. Using a longitudinal case study of a Fortune 500 fnancial services company, and adopting a multidisciplinary approach that integrates the above-mentioned fndings with insights from behavioral economics, neuroscience and brand equity, this article proposes a preliminary integrative model of the satisfaction-behavior curve that explains its non-linearity and asymmetry, as well as the cognitive and emotional factors that drive its infection points. Managerial implications include prioritizing actions that move customers beyond the “indiference zone”; addressing promptly and proactively even minor dissatisfaction episodes; closely monitoring defection rates and their underlying causes. As these early fndings are based on a single case study in an industry characterized by high involvement, future research should validate the proposed curve across industries and contexts, and considering moderating variables like culture, competition, and market maturity.
Labor Market Opportunities for Women in the Digital Age
(2018) Krieger-Boden, Christiane; Sorgner, Alina
Digitalization offers a variety of opportunities for female empowerment and for a more equal female participation in labor markets, financial markets, and entrepreneurship. Currently, digitalization seems to favor female labor force, since women face on average lower risk of being replaced by machines, as compared to men. Women’s often superior social skills represent a comparative advantage in the digital age, and this is particularly so when social skills are complemented with higher education and advanced digital literacy. However, the same barriers and deficits that obstruct women’s current advancement in many countries may deprive them from many beneficial opportunities in the digital age, including new entrepreneurial opportunities. Major efforts by policy makers are required to invalidate these barriers. New digital technologies should be used more decisively to achieve the goal of gender equality.
Types of institutions and well-being of self-employed and paid employees in Europe
(2019) Fritsch, Michael; Sorgner, Alina; Wyrwich, Michael
This paper analyzes the role of different types of institutions, such as entrepreneurship-facilitating entry conditions, labor market regulations, quality of government, and perception of corruption for individual well-being among self-employed and paid employed individuals. Well-being is operationalized by job and life satisfaction of individuals in 32 European countries measured by data from EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). We find that institutions never affected both occupational groups in opposite ways. Our findings indicate that labor market institutions do not play an important role for well-being. The results suggest that fostering an entrepreneurial society in Europe is a welfare-enhancing strategy that benefits both, the self-employed and paid employees.
Bridging the Gender Digital Gap
(2019) Mariscal, Judith; Mayne, Gloria; Aneja, Urvashi; Sorgner, Alina
Despite the headway the world has experienced over the last couple of years in terms of a substantial increase in digital access, there are still significant challenges to overcome in ensuring women are included in the transformation to a digital society, which in turn will enhance productivity and social development. Efforts to increase internet adoption access through broadband plans and legislative reforms have yielded improvements in use and adoption. However, there is still a stark and pervasive gender inequality in terms of access, ownership of digital devices, digital fluency as well as the capacity to make meaningful use of the access to technology. Even though affordability is a key source of exclusion, there are also significant socio-cultural norms that restrict access for women. This paper brings forward the argument that access alone is not enough, women need agency and capacity to leverage access. The authors thus highlight the need to make an assessment of the global gender gap and develop meaningful indicators that contribute to the design and implementation of effective policies that drive adoption. We need effective promotion of women´s digital adoption not only from the government but also from the private sector and civil society in order to lead the digital adoption of best practices for women around the world.

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