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Blockchain Technology and Supply Chain Transformation in the Pharmaceutical Sector: A Case Study of Pfizer and Comparative Industry Analysis
Fasulo, Giulia Leurini, Giulia
Fasulo, Giulia
Leurini, Giulia
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Abstract
This study investigates how blockchain technology enhances coordination within the global pharmaceutical supply chain, using Pfizer as a primary case study and comparing it with Johnson & Johnson, AbbVie, Merck & Co., and La Roche Ltd. The research addresses the critical issue of counterfeit pharmaceuticals, which affects over 50% of drug distribution in developing countries, and explores how the integration of blockchain technology in international pharmaceutical supply chains can mitigate such risks. The purpose is to assess blockchain’s potential to improve traceability, operational efficiency, transparency, and regulatory compliance across complex global networks. Our findings based on primarily secondary data sources indicate that blockchain adoption— especially by Pfizer through initiatives like the MediLedger Project—has significantly strengthened pharmaceutical supply chain integrity. The study also identifies barriers to adoption, including scalability issues and regulatory misalignment, particularly in less developed markets. The practical
implications suggest that while blockchain is not yet widely implemented across all pharmaceutical giants, it is emerging as a strategic differentiator for companies seeking to enhance supply chain security, comply with global regulations, and protect consumer trust.
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Date
2025
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Keywords
Blockchain technology, Supply chain integrity
Citation
Fasulo, Giulia, and Giulia Leurini. "Blockchain Technology and Supply Chain Transformation in the Pharmaceutical Sector: A Case Study of Pfizer and Comparative Industry Analysis". BA in International Business Capstone, John Cabot University, Rome, Italy. 2025.